Spring Pruning Young Trees – Oaks, Holly’s, Magnolias and Deciduous Trees
Young trees are frequently overlooked for the first few years of their life, and many people wait until the trees are large enough to cause problems before they think to prune them. However, pruning is just as important for young or small trees as it is for large, mature shade trees. This establishes a strong structure that prevents future problems associated with poor or neglected maintenance. Additionally, it can expedite tree growth by focusing energy on what remains after pruning.
To ensure the successful growth of young trees, we aim to achieve three key objectives:
Maintain a single, central leading branch
Establish a cone-shaped canopy
Remove or significantly reduce the size of any branches that exceed ⅓ of the main trunk’s diameter
Follow these steps to prune your trees correctly:
Choose the Right Time
Best Time: Later winter before new growth begins. Additionally, for evergreens you can prune again in mid summer.
Avoid: Mid spring and fall pruning as it can attract pests.
Gather Your Tools
Hand pruners for small branches
Loppers for medium-sized branches
Pruning saw if you are working with a more established and older tree
Step stool or ladder to reach the top
Trash bin or burlap bag to discard trimmings
Make a Plan
Study the tree and identify the central leader. This is usually the tip of the tree, but occasionally has competing leaders. Choose just ONE!
Find the half way point of the tree. Anything below this point will be reduced by 50%, and above this point will be shaped into a cone.
Identify any branches that are more than ⅓ the diameter of the main trunk
How to Make Proper Cuts
Make sure all cutting tools are sharp
For whole branch removal locate the branch collar (the slightly swollen area where the branch meets the trunk) and make a clean cut just outside the collar.
Cut at a 45 degree angle when possible
Trying cutting back to a node, leaf or bud of new growth
What to Prune
Dead, diseased, or damaged branches: Remove these first to better see the true existing structure of the tree.
Crossing or rubbing branches: Remove these next to improve structure before shaping begins.
Cut back branches larger than ⅓ the diameter by at least 50%. Severe cases may see as much as 75% removal.
Eliminate competing leaders: Eliminate any competing leaders, so that only one main leader remains.
Shape the canopy into a cone: Next, we will use tip pruning to shape the canopy into a cone that widens gradually from the top to the halfway point.
Reduce lower canopy branches by half: To maintain photosynthesis while slowing branch growth, reduce the lower canopy branches by half. Over the years these branches will be eliminated but until then, provide much needed photosynthetic power to the trunk and root system.
Additional Tips
Prune conservatively, never remove more than ⅓ of the trees foliage
Encourage branching that meets the main trunk at a 90 degree union
“V” shaped unions should be eliminated or reduced
Have fun and maintain branches that may create aesthetic appeal in the future.
Thats it! And you should not have to do much more until the next year.
Florida’s warm, humid climate creates the perfect environment for lush landscapes, but it also provides ideal conditions for weeds to thrive. Without proper weed control, these invasive plants can quickly take over, harming the health and appearance of your landscape.
New landscapes are especially prone to a high rate of weed growth. During the installation process, soil is disturbed which may expose many dormant seeds to air and light. Pair this with the extra water in the landscape that is helping to establish your new plantings and you have the perfect environment for seed banks to germinate.
Here’s why managing weeds is crucial for Florida landscapes.
Protects Native Plants and Ecosystems Weeds compete with native and ornamental plants for essential nutrients, sunlight, and water. Many invasive weed species, such as dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) and torpedograss (Panicum repens), can rapidly spread and outcompete native vegetation, disrupting the natural balance of Florida’s ecosystems. Effective weed management helps preserve biodiversity and the health of your garden or lawn.
Enhances Aesthetic Appeal A well-maintained landscape boosts curb appeal and property value. Weeds can quickly make a yard look unkempt and overgrown, diminishing the visual appeal of gardens, lawns, and flower beds. Regular weeding ensures a tidy, attractive outdoor space.
Prevents the Spread of Harmful Pests and Diseases Weeds often serve as hosts for pests and plant diseases that can affect desirable plants. Uncontrolled weed growth can attract insects like aphids and whiteflies, which spread diseases to nearby vegetation. Proper weed control minimizes these risks, promoting healthier plant life.
Improves Soil and Water Quality Some weeds, particularly deep-rooted species, can deplete soil nutrients, making it harder for desirable plants to thrive. Others, like water hyacinth, can clog waterways and disrupt aquatic ecosystems. By managing weeds, property owners contribute to better soil health and water conservation efforts.
Promotes Efficient Lawn and Garden Maintenance A landscape overrun with weeds requires more maintenance, including frequent mowing, trimming, and mulching. Implementing proactive weed control strategies—such as mulching, proper irrigation, and the use of herbicides—reduces long-term maintenance efforts and costs.
Best Practices for Weed Control in Florida
Mulching: Helps suppress weed growth and retain soil moisture.
Hand Pulling: Effective for small-scale weed removal before they spread.
Herbicides: Selective herbicides can target weeds without harming desired plants.
Proper Lawn Care: Mowing at the correct height and watering adequately promotes a thick, healthy lawn that naturally resists weeds.
Responsible Watering: Micro irrigation and a reduced watering schedule can retain a healthy landscape while reducing seed germination of noxious weeds.
New landscapes may require weeding every 2-3 weeks for the first year or two. But as the landscape matures and the seed bank diminishes, weeding will become easier, sometimes reducing to once a quarter.
By taking proactive steps to control weeds, homeowners and landscapers in Florida can protect their plants, maintain property aesthetics, and support a healthier environment. Regular maintenance and the right weed control techniques ensure that landscapes remain vibrant and thriving year-round.
Florida’s climate is unlike most regions in the United States, presenting homeowners with both unique opportunities and challenges when it comes to maintaining beautiful landscapes. From its tropical and subtropical zones to its seasonal weather extremes, the Sunshine State demands thoughtful landscape design and diligent maintenance. Here’s how Florida’s climate affects home landscapes:
1. Tropical and Subtropical Climate Zones
Florida is divided into two primary climate zones: tropical in the southern regions and subtropical in the northern and central parts. This means:
Warm Temperatures Year-Round: Plants thrive in Florida’s consistent warmth, but this also accelerates growth and requires frequent upkeep like pruning, mowing, and weeding.
Humidity: High humidity levels can encourage rapid plant growth but also create a breeding ground for mold, mildew, and pests.
2. Seasonal Rainfall and Dry Periods
Rainy Season: Florida experiences a wet season from late spring to early fall, characterized by heavy, sudden downpours. While this reduces the need for irrigation, overwatering and flooding can damage root systems.
Dry Season: In winter and early spring, homeowners often face water restrictions and must rely on drought-tolerant plants or efficient irrigation systems to keep landscapes healthy.
3. Frequent Hurricanes and Tropical Storms
The hurricane season (June to November) presents a significant challenge:
Wind Damage: Storms can topple trees and scatter debris, making storm preparation and tree trimming essential.
Flooding: Excess water can erode soil, drown plants, and create long-term drainage issues. Proper landscaping, including raised beds, rain gardens, and salt tolerant native species, helps mitigate this risk.
4. Sandy and Poorly Draining Soils
Florida’s soils range from sandy in coastal areas to clay-like in inland regions, often lacking nutrients and organic matter. There is also the issue of over developed land with non-native soil brought in which removes the incredibly important top soil horizon. Homeowners likely need to:
Amend soil with compost, topsoil and mulch at time of planting
Use native plants that thrive in local soil conditions
Implement mulching to retain moisture and improve soil health
5. Invasive Plants, Pests, and Wildlife
Florida’s warm, wet environment is perfect for invasive species, pests, and even wildlife, which can wreak havoc on home landscapes:
Common pests like chinch bugs, whiteflies, and aphids thrive in the climate.
Invasive plants, such as Brazilian pepper trees, can outcompete native flora and disrupt ecosystems.
Wildlife, from raccoons to deer, may target gardens and damage plants.
6. Vibrant Possibilities for Native and Tropical Plants
While challenging, Florida’s climate also offers the opportunity to grow lush, tropical landscapes featuring:
Native plants like coontie, muhly grass, sabal palms, and firebush, which require less maintenance
Shade trees to help regulate temperatures and reduce localized winds
Wildflowers adapted to our changing seasons
Adapting Home Landscapes to Florida’s Climate
To create a thriving, low-maintenance landscape in Florida:
Choose climate-adapted or native plants to reduce water, pest, and soil management needs.
Incorporate sustainable practices like xeriscaping and rain gardens to handle seasonal rainfall patterns.
Maintain a regular landscape care schedule to address fast-growing plants, pest issues, and storm preparedness.
By understanding Florida’s unique climate, homeowners can enjoy vibrant, resilient landscapes that enhance their property while withstanding the state’s environmental challenges.
Maintaining a healthy landscape in Florida’s unique climate and soil conditions requires proper watering techniques. Hand watering is an excellent way to give your plants the care they need. Follow these general guidelines and step-by-step instructions to ensure your landscape thrives.
General Guidelines for Hand Watering in Florida
Know Your Plants: Native and drought-tolerant species need less water than tropical or water-loving plants.
Understand Your Soil: Florida’s sandy soils drain quickly, often requiring more frequent watering than loamy or clay soils.
Time It Right: Water early in the morning or late afternoon to minimize evaporation and encourage deep soil penetration.
Follow Local Regulations: Check local watering restrictions to conserve water and ensure compliance.
Avoid Overwatering: Let the top 1–2 inches of soil dry out between waterings for established plants. New plantings need daily watering for the first 30 days or 5 times a week from December to February.
Step-by-Step Process for Hand Watering
Gather Your Tools:
Garden hose with a gentle spray/shower nozzle.
Gloves or other protective gear.
Check Soil Moisture:
Insert your finger 1–2 inches into the soil. If it feels dry, it’s time to water.
Note: Afternoon wilting is a normal plant defense mechanism and doesn’t always indicate the need for water. Look for wilting in the morning or evening instead.
Position the Hose:
Direct water at the base of the plant, avoiding foliage to prevent disease.
Water Slowly and Deeply (Rule of 3’s):
Apply water slowly to prevent runoff and ensure it penetrates 6–8 inches into the soil.
Water each plant three times with short pauses in between to allow soaking. The first round wets the soil, the second starts penetration, and the third ensures an adequate soak.
Count to 3 for every gallon size the plant was at installation:
1-gallon plants: Count to 3.
3-gallon plants: Count to 9.
7-gallon plants: Count to 21.
Monitor Runoff:
If water pools or runs off, pause and let it soak in before resuming.
Adjust Based on Plant Needs:
Water young or newly planted plants more frequently. Established plants benefit from deep, less frequent watering.
Deep Soaking During Droughts:
During severe drought, water 2–3 consecutive days each week instead of spacing out watering. This promotes deeper root growth and drought tolerance.
Additional Tips for Success
Mulch Wisely: A layer of mulch retains soil moisture and reduces watering frequency.
Group Strategically: Place plants with similar water needs together for efficient watering.
Inspect Regularly: Watch for signs of overwatering (yellow leaves, soggy soil) or underwatering (wilting, dry soil) and adjust as needed.
By following these steps, you’ll not only keep your Florida landscape healthy and vibrant but also build a deeper connection with your plants through hands-on care. Happy watering!
When living in Florida, one of the best ways to help the environment while also protecting your property from storm damage is to plant native trees. Florida’s native trees are naturally adapted to the climate and can often withstand hurricane-force winds better than exotic or shallow-rooted species. Choosing the right trees not only supports local wildlife but also reduces the risk of downed trees and property damage in a hurricane. And one of the most important observations we made is that groups of trees faired much better than stand alone trees, strength in numbers. Please keep in mind these are our observations and are not statistics. Results in your landscape may vary based on many different factors. Here are some native Florida trees that we observed to be resilient in the latest stretch of storms.
1. Sand Live Oak (Quercus geminata)
Characteristics: Known for its strength and longevity, the Sand Live Oak is one of the most hurricane-resistant trees. With a deep, wide-spreading root system and sturdy limbs, it holds up well under high winds.
Why It Works: This oak species has a naturally strong structure with broad, arching branches that can resist storm-force winds better than many other trees. Its dense canopy provides shade and serves as a habitat for many species. Install this species in groups of 3-5 at 10’ spacing to mimic nature and develop a strong grouping of trees.
Tips: Plant Sand Live Oaks in well-drained soil to support their roots and avoid planting closer than 15’ to the home.
2. Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)
Characteristics: The Southern Magnolia is an iconic Florida tree with large, glossy leaves and striking white flowers. Though it may appear delicate, it has a deep root system and a well-balanced canopy that can withstand severe storms.
Why It Works: Southern Magnolias are slow-growing and develop a strong, compact structure that resists breaking under pressure.
Tips: Make sure to space these trees adequately, as their dense root systems need room to expand and stabilize.
3. Sabal Palm (Sabal palmetto)
Characteristics: As the official state tree of Florida, the Sabal Palm is an adaptable and highly resilient choice. These almost seemed to thrive after the storms passing with most damage observed as a result of larger trees or structures falling on them. Its flexible trunk and leaves bend with strong winds, reducing the risk of snapping.
Why It Works: This palm’s roots anchor it deeply, and its bendable fronds allow it to withstand gusty conditions.
Sabal Palms were also one of the few trees that saw little to no negative effects from storm surge.
Tips: Plant Sabal Palms in sunny or shady areas with good drainage for optimal growth.
4. Green Buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus)
Characteristics: This small to medium sized tree is sometimes referred to as the fourth mangrove. It thrives in coastal areas that may see periodic salt water inundation and also periods of drought. Their dense, evergreen canopies invite in tons of wildlife and can create a beautiful year round presence to anchor formal and naturalistic landscapes.
Why It Works: This tree is fast growing, establishing in a matter of a few months rather than a year or more. This makes it suitable to withstand storm surge and wind quickly.
Tips: These can be used as a hedge, tree groupings, or stand alone specimens. Their flexibility in the landscape makes them highly valuable for many different creative uses.
5. Gumbo Limbo (Bursera simaruba)
Characteristics: Known as the “tourist tree” due to its red, peeling bark, the Gumbo Limbo is a sturdy, salt-tolerant native species. Its soft wood allows it to bend with the wind rather than break, and it recovers quickly if damaged.
Why It Works: This tree’s adaptable nature and flexible limbs make it a standout survivor during hurricanes.
Tips: Plant Gumbo Limbo in coastal areas or as a natural windbreak, and make sure the soil drains well.
Best Practices for Planting Hurricane-Resilient Trees
Start Young and Small: Young trees adapt to Florida’s conditions better and develop stronger root systems over time.
Space Properly: Crowded trees have less room to expand their roots and are more prone to uprooting.
Regular Pruning: Trim dead or weak branches to prevent them from becoming projectiles during high winds.
Healthy Soil: Keep soil well-drained and nutrient-rich to promote healthy root growth, which enhances stability.
Conclusion
Choosing native, hurricane-resistant trees helps protect your home and property while supporting Florida’s natural landscape. Trees like the Sand Live Oak, Southern Magnolia, Sabal Palm, Green Buttonwood, and Gumbo Limbo have evolved to survive in Florida’s challenging weather, including hurricane winds. By selecting the right trees and following best planting practices, you can create a beautiful, resilient landscape that stands strong through storm season.
